cutting edge applications of neural system engineering in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders - IIP Series

Publication Type: Edited Book

CUTTING-EDGE APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL SYSTEM ENGINEERING IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS

Book Name: Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing V3B2
Authors: Avinash Kumar, Deepika Kumari, Dr. Veer Bahadur Singh, Dr. Shailendra Pratap Singh
Keywords: Neuromuscular Disorders, Neuromuscular Junction, Neurological Devices, Signaling Pathways, Electrodes, Acetylcholine receptor clusters, lrp4, musk, and Agrin.
Area/Stream: BIOTECHNOLOGY, GENOMICS & BIOENGINEERING / Other /
Published in: IIP Series
Volume: 3, Month:May,Year:2023
Page No.: 159-196
e-ISBN: 978-93-6252-391-4
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.58532/V3BJBT19P4CH9

Abstract:

The growth and muscle-nerve communication of the neuromuscular junction depends on acetylcholine receptor clustering. Acetylcholine clusters affect neuromuscular diseases such as Myasthenic Syndrome, Lambert Eaton Syndrome, and Neuromyotonia. Acetylcholine receptor clusters, Lrp4, Musk, and Agrin form a motor end-plate complex. After binding to Lrp4; Agrin stimulates the kinase domain of musk to self-phosphorylate Musk and CK2 in the neuromuscular junction signal pathway. This enters the cell membrane and forms the clusters of acetylcholine receptors. Neurotrophic factors rise during exercise. Exercise alone increases skeletal muscle Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Muscle force production and atrophy prevention are improved by exercising. Neuro stimulation is one of the methods of neural system engineering with the help of which muscles can be stimulated by using electrical stimulating devices such as electrodes that eventually boosts the muscle strength. These devices send electrical pulses to muscles from signal generators and skin electrodes. This pulse triggers the user's limb through involuntary muscle contractions. These electrodes can be used to trigger the wrist, shoulder, biceps, triceps, legs and other body parts. Electrical muscle stimulation targets hard-to-reach areas. Exercise training along with the electrical muscle stimulation increases the protein levels in neuromuscular junction. Various Proteins increases acetylcholine receptor clustering, which helps muscle and nerve cells interaction. Contact between nerve and muscle cells prevents neuromuscular diseases like Myasthenia gravis and others.

Cite this: Avinash Kumar, Deepika Kumari, Dr. Veer Bahadur Singh, Dr. Shailendra Pratap Singh, CUTTING-EDGE APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL SYSTEM ENGINEERING IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS , In: Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing V3B2, IIP Series, Volume 3, May, 2023, pp. 159-196, Iterative International Publishers IIP, E-ISBN: 978-93-6252-391-4, DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.58532/V3BJBT19P4CH9

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